Gothic Architecture Romanesque Architecture - 1049 Words

Gothic style architecture originated in 12th-century France. The style was very different to architecture styles in early periods, with this style we see characteristics such as ribbed vaults, pointed arches, flying buttresses, etc. Buildings made in Gothic style were usually made of stone with large glass windows. Some examples of Gothic style buildings we ve studied in class include the Basilica of St Denis, Chartres Cathedral and Reims Cathedral. Although Gothic style architecture ended in the 16th century, it remains as one of the most familiar styles of architecture comparatively to other abbey s, churches and cathedrals in Europe. The main goals of Gothic architects were to make beautiful, decorative buildings that were also functional. For example, the flying buttress was created to spread to weight of a building effectively. Flying buttresses were used basically used as a support beam, practical, but also beautiful and decorative. Gothic style buildings were also meant to be tall and large, to be closer to God. In comparing the two works about Gothic architecture by Suger Abbot and Bernard or Clairvaux, we can see that there are more differences than there are similarities. Looking back at Gothic characteristics, Abbot agreed more loosely with the beautiful and decorative side of Gothic architecture, while Bernarf agreed more loosely with the functional side of Gothic architecture. Suger Abbot s work is vastly different compared to Bernard of Clairvaux.Show MoreRelated Romanesque and Gothic Architecture Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesRomanesque and Gothic Architecture The 11th to 15th centuries saw a great surge of the Christian Church within Europe which was emphasized by the persuasiveness of the Crusades. The growing population of the Church increased the demand for the increased presence in architectural monuments and during the Romanesque and Gothic periods, a great cathedral construction boom occurred across Europe. The Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles were distinctive in not only the massiveness of the RomanesqueRead MoreRomanesque Architecture versus Gothic Architecture Essay714 Words   |  3 Pagestransition from Romanesque architecture to Gothic architecture can be attributed to a simple reason and that is wealth. Throughout Europe near the end of the Romanesque era there was large growth in towns and in turn a large growth in trade. Places such as Germany had rapid growth in their populace and economy and this encouraged trading with other towns. When it came to relations with other towns there was also a sense of competiti on and they showed this by building huge Gothic building that onlyRead More The Contrast between Gothic Architecture and Romanesque Architecture1934 Words   |  8 PagesThe Romanesque and Gothic architecture period both occurred during the Middle Ages with the Gothic period taking place during the later half. Gothic and Romanesque architecture were related in many ways, but they also contrasted in style too. Over time, masons began to test the waters and push the limits. They thought of new ways to add lighting and ways to allow more height to the building without it being to heavy and weak. Many of the reasons for the change in styles had a lot to do with societyRead More Gothic vs. Romanesque Architecture Essay2191 Words   |  9 PagesGothic vs. Romanesque Architecture Missing Figures Where are you when you wake up? Where are you when you are learning? Where are you when you go to pray? Where are you when you go to work? Where are you when you are having fun? The answer is that you are in a building or structure of some kind and style. All of the buildings and structures that one sees around them is designed and built with much thought and care. They are all designed and built by what we call architecture. According toRead MoreRomanesque And Gothic Architecture As 90821 - Mckenzie Henare1352 Words   |  6 Pages Romanesque and Gothic Architecture AS 90821 - McKenzie Henare Catholicism expresses its faith and relationship with God through many techniques whether it be art, teachings, scriptures or architecture. Extravagant cathedrals built show our relationship and faith in God. But when theories and ideas about why the styles are what they are. There was a time where the original Romanesque architecture became outdated and Gothic architecture was the new style that showed our faith and relationship withRead More Gothic and Romanesque Cathedrals Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesGothic and Romanesque Cathedrals The Romanesque style transformed into the Gothic style during the Middle Ages. This happened for many reasons. The Romanesque period was a time of trial and error while the Gothic period was a time of advancements in inventions. Religion was an important factor in the shift between Romanesque and Gothic. The locations of the two types of cathedrals also contributed toward the change between Romanesque and Gothic, as well as the power of the relics and the communityRead MoreGothic and Romanesque Cathedrals Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesThe Romanesque style transformed into the Gothic style during the Middle Ages. This happened for many reasons. The Romanesque period was a time of trial and error while the Gothic period was a time of advancements in inventions. Religion was an important factor in the shift between Romanesque and Gothic. The locations of the two types of cathedrals also contributed toward the change between Romanesque and Gothic, as well as the power of the relics an d the community to raise funds for the Gothic cathedralsRead MoreSacred Medieval Architecture789 Words   |  4 Pagesemphasizing the importance of the Eastern Church in everyday life. The Byzantine architecture maintains a sense of well-balanced proportions and favors a more simple approach to the building’s exterior. The Byzantines established an architectural style, different from the Romans generally by plans that were well thought out and intricate (Western Architecture p.138-139). One of the most important works of Byzantine architecture is the Hagia Sophia. The Hagia Sophia, which took less than six years to buildRead MoreThe Beginning Of Gothic Art943 Words   |  4 PagesThe beginning of Gothic art started around the year 1140. At this time Gothic art was not a particular art form that was practiced in Europe. The Ile-de-France which means, Paris and vicinity, was the only place that art and architecture shoes Gothic characteristics. However, once people from other places started to notice the beauty that this particular art form presented, it quickly spread around the rest of Europe. The art and architecture that is attributed with the Gothic style is actuallyRead MoreEssay on Medieval Art1111 Words   |  5 Pages800 A.D. and was important in metal work. Carolingian art ranged from 750 to 987 A.D. overlapping 50 years of the Celto-Germanic period. The period of Romanesque art spanned mainly the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and was an important period for medieval architecture. Gothic art, the final period of the Middle Age art began in the Romanesque period around the twelfth century and went on until the sixteenth century. Artwork form these four periods all consist of distinct styles setting them

My Volunteer Service At Fallbrook Church - 1062 Words

Leadership is both a research area and a practical skill, regarding the ability of an individual or an organization to lead or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. Leadership cannot be defined by just one word, but by action. I have seen development within myself through my volunteer service. Leadership is both a research area and a practical opportunity to share the ability gained as an individual, also through my organizations to lead or guide other individual team members who have a common goal. Volunteering in the church organizations matches my need to be of service to others. While volunteer at Fallbrook church I in return have been served I have been guided, nurtured, and challenge through the process. I have been able to utilize skills acquired throughout this year that enhance my volunteer service. I have been able to challenge the process, inspire shared vision and model the way through the course of a year. I have been mentored and taught moral, values and standard through weekly Bible studies. I ve been able to gain knowledge that is useful for the children I care for on Sunday while their parents receive education. I model the way through the actions, lessons, and support I teach the children my return presence is a reminder to the children that I will be a reliable and meet there needs gives them a sense of security. When children see good behavior modeled they are more than likely to model the same behavior. My interactions with the

Lord Of The Dead Essay Example For Students

Lord Of The Dead Essay ( This essay is a response to Benhabib. ) EDUCATION, DISCOURSE, ANDTHE CONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITY 1In order to see some of the strengths and weakness of identity politics as an approach to thinking about education, we need to make a distinction that is implicit, but not explicit, in Seyla Benhabibs essay. For there are at least two distinct conceptions of identity politics at work in her discussion, and criticisms appropriate to one may not apply to the other. The first perspective considers identity a rather static quality of persons, and views the process of identity formation in predominantly passive terms; the other perspective involves what Benhabib calls the fungibility of identity, suggesting that identities are more active and flexible constructions.2 Correspondingly, each of these views yields a different view of politics; both of which, I will suggest, can be seen as quite limited, but for different reasons. For example, many identity theorists, and postmodern feminists generally, will balk at having Catharine MacKinnon put forth as an exemplar of their views. If she is an advocate of identity politics, it is only in a very specific sense, assuming a reified identity that is decided for women, by men, who with their foot on womens throats do not allow them to speak for themselves. MacKinnon also has a crude, instrumental conception of power, especially in her view of the state as monolithic and fundamentally insensitive to womens concerns (as she says, the state is male3). As a result, her view of politics is strategic and somewhat opportunistic: she appears willing to forge single-issue coalitions with any group to advance her cause, as she has with right-wing groups in her antipornography crusade. MacKinnons expressed sympathy for Clarence Thomas in the Hill-Thomas case is rather stunning, given her larger views on sexual harassment, and Benhabib places considerable weight on these comments as representing some larger dilemma faced by postmodern feminists in that dispute; but I do not see that MacKinnons comments typify a position taken by postmodern feminists generally. MacKinnon is not postmodern in any sense that I can understand, and it seems rather misleading to characterize the weaknesses of identity politics and of postmodern feminism largely through her example. If she is an identity theorist, she has a quite reified and passive conception of identity, as I have said. For MacKinnon, there is no active component in the process of identity formation; identity is constructed for women, imposed from without by powerful others and by hegemonic cultural norms and beliefs. And because her politics are instrumental, she seems quite willing to denigrate the qualities and character of many women, as we see in Benhabibs quote from the Buffalo conference, not because their actions or attitudes are in any way objectionable, but because the genesis of those choices does not comport with the vision of womanhood authorized by a political vanguard. This sort of identity politics goes on in movements aside from MacKinnons, of course. Some groups within so-called new social movements are inbred, suspicious, and convinced that their issues are the preeminent ones. For many of them, any Realpolitik to advance their cause is justified; as Benhabib rightly points out, they have no larger vision of social justice and little interest in taking on the concerns of other progressive causes. But I do not see what is postmodern in any of this. The passive and reified sense of identity at work here, the crude conception of power, the instrumental and opportunistic politics, the embrace of difference only in the sense of leaving space for other self-interested and exclusionary groups to ply their trade, all seem out of step with a postmodern outlook. On the other hand, there is also a position stressing, as Benhabib terms it, the fungibility of identity, which, whatever its merits or shortcomings, refers to an entirely different strand of thought from MacKinnons. In such theories (Judith Butler is Benhabibs main example here), identity can be constructed in many different ways; and while this process is contingent, it can involve choosing, shaping, and reinterpreting the identity one has. Although I do not know much of Butlers work, it does not seem correct to characterize her view of construction as passive, as it is for MacKinnon.4 For Butler, and for many identity theorists, the politics of identity seems to be about the continuous formation and reformation of identity, about the free play of differance, and about a process of exploration and experimentation that is active and open-ended. However one judges this theoretical and political trend, it is clearly discrete from MacKinnons: it is postmodern in a way that her view is not, and if it has problems, they are different problems from hers. In fact, I would say that some of these views of identity may be too plastic and voluntaristic. If identity is a construction, it is not a mere construction; we cannot choose or reshape it in any way that we please, and a theory of constructed identities needs an account of how this process occurs.5 It is revealing, to me, that such theoretical positions often take the construction of sexual identity as their model. TOK Essay on the Matrix They are the communicative frames in which speakers interact by exchanging speech acts. Yet discourses are themselves set within social institutions and action contexts.7 By shifting the focus away from structures to discourses, this model provides a clearer basis for explaining the active and passive components of identity formation: Complex, shifting, discursively constructed social identities provide an alternative to reified, essentialist conceptions of.. .identity, on the one hand, and to simple negations and dispersals of identity, on the other. They thus permit us to navigate safely between the twin shoals of essentialism and nominalism.8 Language, in this view, is not a structure that stands over and against us, but a social practice that we change, and are changed by, every time we participate in it. Because communicative relations are situated in specific contexts and social institutions, the possibilities and limits of language to allow us to engage in a reflexive examination and reconsideration of identity provide a critical lens through which those contexts and institutions can be judged. Among other contexts and institutions, this is certainly true of schools. Whether they provide the discursive resources and the opportunities to engage in the reflexive examination and reconsideration of identity, or whether, instead, they tend to reinforce static and passive conceptions of identity, determines whether their aims are educational and enabling, or merely reproductive in the conservative sense. Yet, at the same time, this process of identity construction is not entirely flexible and voluntaristic. What the discursive model also provides is a basis for understanding how the process of constructing or reconstructing identities operates within a social context in which relations to others, material needs, and practical constraints interact with personal choices. Identities are undoubtedly more fungible than people generally acknowledge; but the other side of this dialectic is a human need for stability and sustainability in identity. A construction, as I have said, is not a mere construction. From a social pragmatic standpoint not all constructions are equally sustainable, nor are they free from moral assessments. Here, too, education can play a role that is liberating, not only by opening up identity possibilities, but by teaching ways in which this process can be undertaken thoughtfully and in due consideration of its consequences for the self and for others. | Home Page | Contents | Author Index |1. I would like to thank Melissa Orlie for helpful conversations as I was formulating the arguments of this essay, for valuable insights into the work of Judith Butler, and for useful comments on a previous draft. Thanks also to Cris Mayo for conversations that helped inform this project. 2. This distinction has been clarified, helpfully, in this revised, published version of her essay. 3. Catharine A. MacKinnon, Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), 161. 4. See for example, Imitation and Gender Insubordination, in The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader, ed. Henry Abelove et al (New York: Routledge, 1993), 307-320. 5. Butlers most recent work takes a similar position: A construction is, after all, not the same as an artifice. On the contrary, constructivism needs to take account of the domain of constraints without which a certain living and desiring being cannot make its way. Judith Butler, Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex (New York: Routledge, 1993), 94. 6. Benhabib argues that Butlers theory of the subject is inadequate for these purposes in Feminism and the Question of Postmodernism, in Situating the Self (New York: Routledge, 1992), 214-218. 7. Nancy Fraser, The Uses and Abuses of French Discourse Theories for Feminist Politics, in Revaluing French Feminisms, ed. Nancy Fraser and Sandra Lee Bartky (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1992), 185. 8. Fraser, The Uses and Abuses of French Discourse Theories for Feminist Politics, 191. For reasons that puzzle me, Benhabib does not consider Frasers work a version of postmodern feminism, because she considers it more neopragmatist than postmodern (Benhabib, Feminism and the Question of Postmodernism, 220-221). This seems to overlook Frasers own characterization of her work, but it also depends on a narrow conception of what counts as postmodern (which in my view can include neopragmatism and other theoretical perspectives): in this essay Benhabib uses the terms postmodern and poststructural almost interchangeably. 1996 PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION SOCIETYALL RIGHTS RESERVED

rebecca horn Essay Example

rebecca horn Essay Rebecca Horn was born in 1944 in Germany where she grew up to become one of the most illustrious contemporary German artists of the twentieth-century.She is still currently living and now lives all over the world having homes in New York, Berlin, and London.Her unusual and intense performance pieces have brought her a spot in the art books.In her work, she combines a variety of media: video, performance, installation, and sculpture, which are very characteristic of her style (csw). Horns pieces speak to explore the themes of sexuality, human vulnerability and emotional fragility (artfilm).Her references to the human body and the human soul are reoccurring in many of her pieces.Rebecca Horn is more recognized to bring a fascination with transformation, a loss or failure to attain, a sense of fragility and survival, and the passage of time itself into her performance pieces (Wilkins, Karen).She brings to her works reoccurring references and themes like the eggs, the pendulums, the bird s, the alchemical fluids, the allusions of hermetic transformation, and utopian quest according to Wilkins. Almost all of Rebecca Horns pieces are made from non-art materials, partly of choice and partly of necessity. In her earlier years, Horn became confined to a bed for an extended period after severely damaging her lungs with more traditional art materials in the 1960s.Her use of fiberglass and resins became very harmful to her health, which soon forced to find new ways of working.The experience of her illness and her hospitalization lead her to a new direction which still remains central to Horns art.Because her materials changed she now depends on sophisticated technology and careful engineering, rather than domestic craft, but her obsessions remain the same. Rebecca Horns machine-sculptures speak of energy in the purest state.Her mechanical performance pieces are all mostly electric.The pieces that arent electr

Zulu Culture free essay sample

Zulu has developed an ancient history that is dated back several centuries. They were very highly developed and sophisticated tribe that in time of ancient history Zulu people are remembered by their complex of social organization, economic organization, and beliefs and values. Social Organization Its status for social organization is traditionally encapsulated and is highly respected for kinship positions and leadership. The head of household and patrilineal kin is also respected along with the chief and his kin as the royal household of the chiefdom. Individualism has an impact on Zulu people to a certain extent. The responsibility throughout the community was for the older generation discipline the younger generation. But most of the people mind their own business. Sanctions were not imposed on the older generation as people led to believe. Economic Organization Economic differentiation coexist with different lifestyles: a traditional Zulu lifestyle reflected in religion, dress code, and a defiant attitude towards Western standards and mannerisms and an alternative Western competitive capitalist lifestyle. We will write a custom essay sample on Zulu Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the Zulu economy they raise cattle and farm corn and vegetables for their subsistence purposes. The men and the boys that are called herds are mainly responsible for the cows, which are grazed in the open country.

Free Essays on The Stolen Child

such as â€Å"gushes† â€Å"troubles† â€Å"unquiet† etc, used to describe the real world, which one lives in. Using imagery and metaphor Yeats captures the childhood in ones memory. In the first and second stanza he gives us an image of the dream island. Where the wave of moonlight glosses The dim grey sands with light, Far off by furthest Rosses We foot it all the night, Weaving olden dances, Mingling hands and mingling glances Till the moon has taken flight; To and Fro we leap And chase the frothy bubbles (14-22) In the same stanza he remind us of the real world â€Å"While the world is full of troubles/And is anxious in its sleep.† (23-24) Giving the real world an image of sadness and being tiresome, the world that has no fun only responsibilities. In the forth stanza Yeats changes the poem dramatically, stating when the child goes with the fairies and leaves the real world behind he realize he is not h... Free Essays on The Stolen Child Free Essays on The Stolen Child Childhood memories are very precise to one’s life. The recollection of pure innocence, freedom, fun with no responsibilities or nothing to be concerned about. But as we all know, we grown up and mature and slowly but surely ones childhood is nothing but special memories. Although childhood is the beginning of our life that is filled with nothing but innocent fun, that does not mean growing up takes away ones freedom and happiness. In the poem â€Å"The Stolen Child† by William Butler Yeats, he reminds us life as a child is a fantasy world that should be kept a memory because if one tries to relive it, they would not be as happy as they think. W.B Yeats illuminates the theme of his poem by using print, sound, imagery, metaphor, symbolism and irony. Using print and sound Yeats tells the reader the poem is a simple, flowing poem. Yeats makes the poem rhyme like a child’s nursery rhyme, â€Å"Come away, O human child! To the waters and the wild† (9-10) Despite the flow of the poem he also uses harsh sounding words such as â€Å"gushes† â€Å"troubles† â€Å"unquiet† etc, used to describe the real world, which one lives in. Using imagery and metaphor Yeats captures the childhood in ones memory. In the first and second stanza he gives us an image of the dream island. Where the wave of moonlight glosses The dim grey sands with light, Far off by furthest Rosses We foot it all the night, Weaving olden dances, Mingling hands and mingling glances Till the moon has taken flight; To and Fro we leap And chase the frothy bubbles (14-22) In the same stanza he remind us of the real world â€Å"While the world is full of troubles/And is anxious in its sleep.† (23-24) Giving the real world an image of sadness and being tiresome, the world that has no fun only responsibilities. In the forth stanza Yeats changes the poem dramatically, stating when the child goes with the fairies and leaves the real world behind he realize he is not h...

Marketing for financial Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing for financial Services - Essay Example She presented the reference of Dr. Hassan who had also taken a commercial loan and had successfully paid it off. The customer had already informed the Credit officer of her inability to provide any collateral for which she gave the reference to compensate the collateral. Now after two weeks of filing the application, the bank has rejected her loan on the premise that she cannot provide collateral and this thing was also not mentioned to her earlier in the meetings. The customer is angrier of the fact that the bank made her wait for one more week in telling their insufficiency for providing the loan. They could have told it on the very day itself when she had informed them of this thing. However, they delayed the process which resulted in customer not being able to apply to other banks and wasting her time. The consequences of this situation get translated in dual ways as there are two customers involved in this service encounter- first is the lady herself who has applied for the loan and second is Dr. Hassan who is an existing customer of the bank. The lady is a new customer for the bank and came to them on the reference of Dr. Hassan as she was unable to provide any collateral. Definitely Dr. Hassan had been positive and confident towards the bank services and professionalism for which he introduced her to the bank. However, the bank not only failed in providing timely and detailed information, but also made a negative impression on a new customer which will definitely result in a loss. From Dr. Hassan’s perspective, he spread positive word of mouth for the bank and brought a new customer for the bank but the bank did not recognize this opportunity and failed to acknowledge the interest and goodwill of Dr. Hassan. After this service encounter failure, Dr. Hassan might not feel encouraged to promote or introduce the bank services to any other relative or friend of his. Thus, the bank fails in maintaining relationship with its existing customer also